Visualization of 3D rock mass properties in underground tunnels using extended reality

Abstract The term extended reality (XR) refers to a family of technologies that cover Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented (AR), and Mixed (MR). main benefit XR is it can offer new viewpoint on the surrounding environment by augmenting with digital data visualizations. Recent developments enable its deployment for rock engineering applications, including underground tunnels. In this paper, we demonstrate two cases use in an tunnel display spatial information surface. One tunnels Underground Research Laboratory Aalto University (URLA) was digitized using Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. As result, high-resolution 3D point cloud textured model were created. Next, joint planes obtained semi-automatically from surfaces. results are then represented their actual positions geometry. first case, used VR tunnel. second displayed real-time conditions through mobile device. technology be successfully construction digitize workplace provide perspective work environment, which potentially lead increase safety productivity.